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    Immune Support Peptides

    Peptides studied for immune system modulation.

    Efzofitimod

    Medium Evidence

    A first-in-class, intravenous immunomodulatory fusion peptide derived from histidyl-tRNA synthetase that selectively binds neuropilin-2 (NRP2) to dampen inflammation in the lung; in Phase 3 development for pulmonary sarcoidosis, an interstitial lung disease.

    Epithalon

    Low Evidence

    A tetrapeptide studied for its potential to activate telomerase and influence biological aging markers.

    Icotrokinra (ICOTYDE)

    High Evidence

    The first FDA-approved targeted oral macrocyclic peptide — an IL-23 receptor antagonist for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis, marking a new era for oral peptide therapeutics.

    KPV

    Medium Evidence

    A tripeptide derived from alpha-MSH, studied for anti-inflammatory and gut-protective properties.

    Larazotide

    Medium Evidence

    A synthetic peptide tight junction regulator in clinical trials for celiac disease, designed to prevent intestinal permeability caused by gluten exposure.

    LL-37

    Medium Evidence

    A human antimicrobial peptide studied for innate immunity, wound healing, and biofilm disruption.

    Pegcetacoplan

    High Evidence

    A PEGylated cyclic-peptide inhibitor of complement component 3 (C3) built from two compstatin (Cp05) peptide domains bridged by a 40-kDa PEG chain; marketed as Empaveli/Aspaveli (subcutaneous, for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and, since July 2025, C3 glomerulopathy and primary IC-MPGN) and Syfovre (intravitreal, for geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration). It is one of the few complement-targeting therapeutic peptides to reach the market.

    Selank

    Medium Evidence

    A synthetic peptide analog of tuftsin studied for anxiolytic and nootropic properties.

    Thymalin

    Low Evidence

    A thymic peptide preparation studied for immune system rejuvenation and age-related immune decline.

    Thymosin Alpha-1

    High Evidence

    A thymic peptide approved in some countries for immune modulation, studied for viral infections and cancer adjunct therapy.

    VIP

    Medium Evidence

    A neuropeptide with broad neuroimmune functions, studied for inflammatory conditions and nerve repair.

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